However, his research does not identify areas of the brain or a genetic basis that enables humans’ innate ability for language. Chomsky also believes in the existence of a “universal grammar,” which posits that there are certain grammatical rules all human languages share. He has observed that all children make the same type of language errors, regardless of the language they are taught. He also believes children have a natural need to use language, and that in the absence of formal language children will develop a system of communication to meet their needs. Chomsky terms this innate ability the “language acquisition device.” He believes children instinctively learn language without any formal instruction. Noam Chomsky’s work discusses the biological basis for language and claims that children have innate abilities to learn language. Skinner also suggested that children learn language through imitation of others, prompting, and shaping. This follows the four-term contingency that Skinner believed was the basis of language development- motivating operations, discriminative stimuli, response, and reinforcing stimuli. For example, a child learns to say the word “drink” when she is thirsty she receives something to drink, which reinforces her use of the word for getting a drink, and thus she will continue to do so.
Skinner believed that children learn language through operant conditioning in other words, children receive “rewards” for using language in a functional manner. Multiple theories have been proposed to explain the development of language, and related brain structures, in children. Some people learn two or more languages fluently over their lives (often starting from childhood) these people are bilingual or multilingual. Within the first year of life, children will have learned many of the necessary concepts to have functional language, although it will still take years for their capabilities to develop fully. Humans, especially children, have an amazing ability to learn language. shapingA method of positive reinforcement of behavior patterns in operant conditioning.zone of proximal developmentA concept developed by Soviet psychologist and social constructivist Lev Vygotsky that describes the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help.assimilationThe absorption of new ideas into an existing cognitive structure.accommodationThe act of fitting or adapting, or the state of being fitted or adapted adaptation adjustment.
Damage to any of the areas of the brain involved in language development, such as through illness or stroke, can result in problems with language and comprehension.
Several areas of the brain must function together in order for a person to develop, utilize, and understand language, including Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary auditory cortex, and the angular gyrus.Lev Vygotsky’s theory of language development focused on social learning and the zone of proximal development (ZPD).Jean Piaget’s theory of language development suggests that children use both assimilation and accommodation to learn language.Noam Chomsky’s theory states that children have the innate biological ability to learn language however, his theory has not been supported by genetic or neurological studies.Skinner believed children learn language through operant conditioning-that children receive “rewards” for using language in a functional manner.
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